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Low-priced "beef skewers" are often counterfeit

Selected beef hind legs are processed using traditional air-drying or low-temperature slow-baking techniques, resulting in a crispy or chewy texture. They can be enjoyed as a daily snack or as a meal replacement for fitness enthusiasts... Thanks to the "heartfelt recommendations" from merchants, beef snacks such as hand-torn beef and beef skewers have attracted countless fans on e-commerce platforms. However, a recent search by a reporter from China Consumer News on the inspection information released by market supervision departments across the country revealed that some "inexpensive" beef snacks are problematic, such as using inferior ingredients or adding unauthorized substances. Long-term consumption of these products not only makes it difficult to obtain the nutrients of beef itself but may also pose health risks to the body.
 
Spot check: multiple beef snack takeout items are not made of beef
 
On April 9th, the Market Supervision Bureau of Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province, announced the second batch of cases involving online food service violations. Among them, a restaurant in Wan'an County was suspected of using duck meat to imitate beef and deceive consumers when selling "fried beef skewers (30 skewers)" on takeout platforms.
 
On April 7th, the Market Supervision Bureau of Chizhou City, Anhui Province, announced typical cases of the special action for the rectification of online catering food safety. Among them, a barbecue restaurant in Renli Town, Shitai County, processed the purchased "duck meat skewers" and labeled them as "beef skewers" for sale on takeout platforms and in the store.
 
On April 3, the Market Supervision Bureau of Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, disclosed a batch of cases it had investigated and dealt with since 2025, focusing on the quality and safety of beef and beef products. Among them, a snack shop had purchased pre-packaged duck skewers since August 2025, processed them, and sold them as "flavored beef skewers" on takeout platforms and in offline stores.
 
In December 2025, the Hunan Provincial Market Supervision Bureau announced the illegal cases it had investigated and handled through its in-depth promotion of the "Iron Fist Action" and "Sword Forging Action". Among them, a snack shop in Yongxing County sold "fried beef skewers" on takeout platforms, with the ingredient being a duck meat product labeled as "Shu meat flavor skewers".
 
In December 2025, the media revealed a case investigated and handled by the Market Supervision Bureau of Jiading District, Shanghai: a restaurant operated "ghost takeout" on online platforms using forged documents, and made dishes such as "spicy boiled beef" with purchased "oyster sauce meat slices" (duck meat products).
 
Reporters from China Consumer News discovered through investigation that in numerous cases similar to the aforementioned typical example, so-called flavor beef skewers, hand-torn air-dried beef, and braised beef were all adulterated with duck or pork, and some even contained a small amount of chicken. The sales channels were predominantly online food delivery platforms. Currently, all parties involved in the relevant cases have been punished by the market regulatory authorities in accordance with the law, and some cases have entered the criminal accountability procedure.
 
Analysis: Counterfeit beef poses safety hazards
 
The reporter's investigation found that the prices of counterfeit beef snacks are generally "affordable". At the same time, through the color and flavor enhancement of ingredients such as beef extract, spices, and paprika oleoresin, the appearance and taste are highly simulated, making it relatively difficult to distinguish.
 
Zang Mingwu, a researcher at the Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, stated in an interview with the reporter of China Consumer News that beef imitated by duck or pork may not necessarily pose direct food safety risks. However, such acts of shoddy business practices and food fraud by merchants often come with multiple food safety hazards. Based on the cases publicly disclosed by market regulatory authorities and procuratorial organs, there are roughly the following aspects:
 
Firstly, the source of raw materials is unknown or of poor quality. Some fake beef is made from frozen duck meat cooking packs or pork scraps without quarantine certificates and of unknown origin. Some may even use maternal pork with high hormone levels, which should not enter the food chain.
 
Secondly, the processing environment and hygiene conditions are poor. The food processing and storage environment is dirty and messy, posing risks such as excessive bacteria and parasite contamination. Pre-packaged beef snacks are all ready-to-eat, and cannot undergo high-temperature sterilization before consumption, which increases the risk.
 
Thirdly, there are widespread issues with illegal additives. In order to create the flavor and texture of beef or mask issues such as inferior raw materials, fake beef commonly involves the illegal addition of substances to achieve a "beef red" appearance and simulate a "beef aroma" during the production of semi-finished ingredients or secondary processing.
 
Zang Mingwu analyzed that what illegal merchants add may not necessarily be non-edible substances, but there may be cases of excessive and beyond-the-scope use of food additives. For example, nitrites (mainly referring to sodium nitrite and potassium nitrite) can protect color, inhibit bacteria and prevent spoilage, and improve flavor in meat product processing. According to regulations such as the "Standard for the Use of Food Additives" (GB 2760-2024), nitrites are limited to be used in cured meat products (such as bacon and sausage), braised meat products, smoked and roasted meat products, etc., with a maximum usage of 0.15g/kg (calculated as sodium nitrite); meanwhile, catering service units (including cooked food stalls, snack bars, etc.) are strictly prohibited from purchasing, storing, and using nitrites. Even if the residual amount does not exceed the limit, it is also considered an illegal addition.
 
Another example is beef essence (savory food essence), which mainly comes in two types: one is a compound beef essence made by mixing various amino acids, stabilizers, etc., and the other is mainly an extract from boiled beef or beef bones, widely used in soup ingredients, flavored biscuits, puffed foods, etc. Consuming it in moderation is harmless. However, if it is used to mask duck meat or inferior pork, or even diseased or dead beef, some of the toxins are difficult to eliminate through heating, posing a significant risk to consumption.
 
According to the reporter's understanding, some fake beef is often sold through cross-regional production and nationwide distribution models. In addition, due to the relatively long transaction chain of food delivery platforms, consumers often encounter difficulties in providing evidence and claiming compensation after consuming the problematic beef.
 
Reminder: Three ways to identify fake beef in takeout food
 
Although counterfeit beef snacks sold on food delivery or e-commerce platforms employ various disguising methods, they are not flawless. Zang Mingwu reminds consumers that they can avoid falling into traps by following these three tips.
 
First, check qualifications and evaluate. Before ordering, be sure to check whether the merchant's homepage displays their business license and food operation license. Generally speaking, if there is no photo of a physical store or "no dine-in" option, the kitchen is more likely to harbor hygiene and fraud issues. Pay close attention to descriptions such as "tastes like duck meat", "disintegrates in the mouth", and "the soup is cloudy after cooking" in user reviews. If there are such comments, be wary of synthetic or dyed meat; if a large number of positive reviews are similar and lack details, it is likely that they are fake reviews.
 
Second, check the ingredients and look at the price. If the packaging or product name description column contains vague expressions such as "beef flavor", "flavored beef", "hand-made beef", or "prepared meat products", it is often not pure beef. Ingredients listed earlier in the ingredient list should generally be the main raw materials of the product. If it is clearly labeled as beef, it is generally a beef product; if it is labeled with other meats, "containing soy protein", "carrageenan", "edible gum", or other ingredients, it is mostly prepared, spliced, or plant-imitated meat. In terms of price, the general selling price of dried beef jerky on the market is between 80 yuan and 120 yuan per jin. If you encounter low-price promotions such as "9.9 yuan with free shipping" or "buy one get one free", it can basically be determined that it is not a pure beef product; a "beef hot pot" or "beef skewers" set meal priced at more than ten yuan per portion is far below the cost of beef raw materials, and it is highly likely to be imitated with duck meat or recombinant meat.
 
Third, examine the texture and taste. After receiving the goods, consumers can carefully inspect the texture. Real beef has thick and long muscle fibers with natural texture; fake beef may have fine or messy texture, and some may have overly uniform meat quality without fibers. Real beef has a chewy texture and a strong sense of fiber; fake beef melts in the mouth, resembling "bean dregs" or "rubber"; duck or pork has thinner fibers and lacks the unique chewy texture of beef.
 
Zang Mingwu suggested that consumers should keep good evidence such as order vouchers, product photos, and remaining food. Once problems are found, they should promptly lodge complaints through the platform or call 12315 to report, so as to gather social supervision forces to safeguard food safety through individual rights protection actions.
 
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Low-priced "beef skewers" are often counterfeit
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